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The Battle of the Neches, the main engagement of the Cherokee War of 1838–1839 (part of the Texas-Indian Wars), took place on the 15th and 16 July in 1839 in what is now the Redland community (between Tyler and Ben Wheeler, Texas). It came about as a result of the Córdova Rebellion and Texas President Lamar's determination to remove the Cherokee from Texas. ==Background== During Sam Houston's first term as President of Texas, while maintaining the Rangers to police rogue Indians, Houston used diplomacy and presents to keep the peace on the frontier with the Comanche and Kiowa, and treated with his allies, the Cherokee. Houston had lived with the Cherokee, and had earned his reputation among Native Americans for fairness and decency due to his relations with the Cherokee.〔("SAMUEL HOUSTON." ) ''The Handbook of Texas Online.'' Retrieved 7 Sept 2007.〕 The Cherokee were unhappy that the promises to give them title to their lands, which he had made them〔("CHEROKEE INDIANS" ). ''The Handbook of Texas Online''. Retrieved 18 Feb 2010.〕 to secure their neutrality during the Texas Revolution, had not been fulfilled. Houston negotiated a settlement with them in February 1836, though he was unable to get the Legislature to ratify the portion of the treaty confirming the Cherokee's land titles. This was neither the first nor last time the legislature refused to ratify agreements Houston made with the Indians.〔 In 1838, word arrived from several sources that Mexico was seeking an arrangement with the Cherokee which would give them title to their land in exchange for assistance in joining a war of extermination against the Texians. Nacogdochians looking for a stolen horse found a camp of around one hundred armed Tejanos. Rather than allow the local militia to act, Houston (who was in Nacogdoches at the time) prohibited both sides from assembly or carrying of weapons. Local alcalde Vicente Córdova and eighteen other leaders of the revolt issued a proclamation with a number of demands to be met before their surrender. After being joined by around three hundred Indian warriors, they moved towards the Cherokee settlements. Despite Houston's orders he should not cross the Angelina to interfere, General Rusk sent on a party of 150 men under Major Henry Augustine, who defeated the rebels near Seguin, Texas. Despite the involvement of the Cherokee and the discovery of documents directly implicating The Bowl on two separate Mexican agents over the next six months, Houston professed to believe the chief's denials and refused to order them arrested. In his several letters of reassurance to The Bowl during the unrest, Houston again promised them title to their land on the Neches.〔("CÓRDOVA REBELLION." ) ''The Handbook of Texas Online''. Retrieved 18 Feb 2010.〕 Warriors believing their lands to be violated by the legal settlers then perpetrated the Killough Massacre, killing eighteen.〔("KILLOUGH MASSACRE." ) ''The Handbook of Texas Online''. Retrieved 19 Feb 2010.〕 In the wake of this and the publication of Rachel Plummer's narrative of her captivity among the Comanche, Texas's second president, Mirabeau B. Lamar, was less sympathetic toward the tribe and convinced that the Cherokees could not be allowed to stay in Texas. Stating that "the white man and the red man cannot dwell in harmony together," as "Nature forbids it," Lamar's instructed his subordinates to communicate to Cherokees: :"that unless they consent at once to receive a fair Compensation for their improvements and other property, and remove out of this Country, nothing short of the entire distruction of all they possess, and the extermination of their Tribe will appease the indignation of the white people against them". Should the Cherokee refuse compensation for their removal and resist,Lamar ordered 〔Lamar, Mirabeau. (Letter to David G. Burnet & al. ) 27 Jun 1839. Retrieved 18 Feb 2010.]〕 was: :"to push a rigorous war against them; pursuing them to their hiding places without mitigation or compassion, until they shall be made to feel that flight from our borders without hope of return, is preferable to the scourges of war."〔Dial, Steve. ("Die Is Cast." ) ''Texas Beyond History.'' 2005. Retrieved 7 Sept 2007.〕 The removal of the Cherokee was one of the first acts of his presidency. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Battle of the Neches」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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